> Btw, what does the 'perl -wpi.bak' do in the following? > > perl -wpi.bak -e 'tr{abc def ghi jkl mno prs tuv wxy} > {222 333 444 555 666 777 888 999}' -w warnings -pi.bak filter file(s), saving old file(s) as *.bak. By filter file(s), I mean do the bit after the -e to each line in each of the file(s) listed on the command line after the given command. perl -pi -e 's/foo/bar/g' myfiles.* is a canonical perl one-liner that replaces every foo with bar in the files myfiles.*. Try it - but not on important files until you know what you are doing and/or create backups by specifying a backup extension after the -i.