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Dear Moms & Dads,
Berikut ini aku kirim artikel mengenai weaning.
Berdasarkan Random House Webster's College Dictionary, wean
bisa berarti menyapih (to cause [a child or young animal] to
lose the need to suckle) atau mengenalkan makanan lain
selain ASI (accustom to food other than the mother's milk).
Artikel secara garis besar berisi mengenai tahapan-tahapan
weaning sesuai usia bayi, tip-tip, makanan apa yang
disarankan dan tidak disarankan untuk bayi, dan lain-lain.
Mohon ma'af artikel berbahasa Inggris.
Regards,
Erik
W E A N I N G¹
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The idea of weaning your baby is to progress them from a
milk-based diet to more substantial, yet equally nutritious
foods.
Get them on the hard stuff
Weaning your baby from the bottle or the breast can start
from SIX MONTHS ONWARDS.
The milk your baby has been drinking is the only food
he'll have needed - but from six months, he'll need more
iron and nutrients than are found in milk. So you should
try to wean him on to 'solids' - soft or puréed foods
that you would possibly prepare for the rest of your
family.
Ready or not?
Try giving solids when:
* your baby is still hungry after a milk feed
* he wakes in the night to be fed, after sleeping through
for a period of time
* your baby demands more feeds more often
Six months onwards
Don't stride in with a roast dinner for your baby the
first time he gets to try solids! Ideally you should
start him off on soft, tasty foods:
* vegetable purées² of parsnip, carrot, courgette, potato
or yam
* fruit purées of pear, cooked apple, banana, and mango
* purées of rice, cornmeal, maize, millet or baby rice
mixed with baby's usual milk
If the food is hot, make sure you stir and test it before
giving it to your baby. Don't add any foods to a bottle
with milk, as it could cause your baby to choke. Don't
force-feed him - if he doesn't seem to want the food, try
another day.
Your baby should still be having breastmilk or 600
millilitres (one pint) of formula milk a day.
Tips for weaning
* Don't rush your baby - give him as much time as he
needs to feed.
* Make sure you're both relaxed before you start to feed.
* Feed your baby on your lap or in a high chair.
* When introducing new foods, try to mix them in with
familiar ones.
* Go at your baby's pace and don't be upset if he refuses
the food - he'll get used to the idea.
* Weaning can be a messy business so make sure you're
prepared to get your clothes and your baby very dirty
indeed! Put newspaper down on the floor to protect your
carpets.
The next two months...
* Try to increase the amount of food you give your baby.
Give him solids for two of his meals each day.
* Don't add any salt to your baby's food. If he's eating
food prepared for the whole family, make sure his
portion has been set aside before seasoning.
* Small amounts of sugar may be required to take away the
sharpness from fruit purées such as gooseberry and
rhubarb - but avoid adding sugar to food and drinks.
Prepare your own food for your baby where possible. It's
cheaper than buying ready-made jars, can be made in bulk
and frozen and you know exactly what the ingredients are.
Other foods to try
Add other foods to the vegetable, fruit and cereal purées:
* purées of meat (including liver) and poultry
* purées of lentils (dahl) or split pulses
* milk products (full-fat yoghurt, fromage frais,
custard) - unless your family has a history of eczema
or other allergies)
Family allergies
If a family member suffers from food-related allergies,
it's important that you talk to your doctor or health
visitor before introducing any of the foods below into
your baby's diet:
* Milk products.
* Wheat-based foods which contain gluten, for example,
breakfast cereals, wheat flour or rusks. Look for foods
with the gluten-free symbol.
* Nuts and seeds including ground nuts, peanut butter and
other nut spreads.
* Cows' milk as a drink until your baby is one year old.
It's only OK for mixing foods or in cooking from six
months onwards.
* Citrus fruits, including citrus fruit juices.
* Eggs.
* Shellfish and fish.
Allergies to nuts, nut products and some seeds may only
affect one per cent of the population, but for those who
are at high risk (people with allergies such as hay fever,
asthma and eczema in the family) it's best to steer clear
of them altogether.
Other foods to avoid giving your baby
* SALT - babies can't cope with more salt than that which
is naturally found in foods.
* SUGAR - encouraging a sweet tooth can lead to tooth
decay. Add formula or breastmilk to sweeten up your
baby's food if necessary.
* HONEY - contains similar properties to sugar and will
also cause tooth decay. You shouldn't give honey to
your child until he's at least one year old, as it
occasionally contains spores which can cause very
serious illness.
* NUTS - whole nuts should not be given to any children
under five years of age in case they choke on them.
>From seven to nine months
Once your baby has got used to the whole idea of eating
his first solid foods, you could start introducing more
tastes and textures to his diet.
You could try fish, all meats and eggs provided they're
minced or mashed. Try to ensure they get at least one
serving of protein (meat, fish, eggs or pulses) each day.
Around this time you should be encouraging your baby to
chew. He may not have many teeth but it's advisable to
leave a few little lumps in his food, just so he gets
used to new textures. Try to stay near to your baby to
give him encouragement and to make sure he doesn't choke.
You could give your baby:
* wholemeal toast
* breadsticks
* cubes of mild cheese
* banana or peeled apple slices
* pitta bread
* chapatti
* cooked carrot or green beans
Your baby's milk intake should still be 500 to 600
millilitres (one pint) per day.
>From nine to 12 months
If your baby's now on the move, you may well need to
increase the amount of food you give. He should be eating
three minced meals per day, plus milk, as well as fruit
and healthy snacks in between meals.
Make sure your baby has full-fat dairy products as part
of his diet now - he needs it for growth and strength.
If you're bringing up your baby as a vegetarian, feed him
two servings of split pulses (red lentils, split peas)
each day. Also make sure there's plenty of fruit and
vegetables at mealtimes as vitamin C helps to absorb iron.
Give milk, diluted fruit juice or water at mealtimes.
>From 12 months onwards
Your baby's diet should now include plenty of starchy
foods and a wide range of fruit and vegetables.
You can now start to give your baby full-fat cows' milk as
the main drink (not semi-skimmed or skimmed milk). Aim to
give around 350 millilitres (12 ounces) a day.
Don't be afraid to try your baby on the foods he didn't
like before.
Bought baby foods
Pre-prepared jars or packet foods are convenient,
especially if you're visiting friends or family and need
to take something for your baby. If you do give him
bought foods, try to mix them with fresh foods.
* Choose 'sugar-free' foods or those which do not contain
added sugars or sweeteners (check the label).
* Check the seals on cans and jars haven't been broken
and that the sell-by date is OK.
* Check that bought baby foods are suitable for your
baby's age, for example, from four or seven months.
* Buy gluten-free and egg-free food for babies under six
months.
* Check drinks labels carefully. Even baby drinks
labelled 'low sugar' or 'no added sugar' often contain
some sugar and may harm your baby's teeth.
And to quench baby's thirst...
* Breast milk is the ideal drink for babies in the first
few months.
* Infant formula can be used for babies up to one year
and beyond.
* Soya-based infant formula contains sugars, so give it
at mealtimes only. Once your baby's teeth have come
through, try to cut out a bedtime bottle to avoid tooth
decay.
* Water is the best alternative drink to milk. For babies
under six months old use tap water, but boil it make
sure it's free of any bacteria. AVOID BOTTLED WATER as
it can have higher mineral and sodium contents.
* Citrus fruit juices can be used after six months.
They're a good source of vitamin C, but are acidic and
have a high sugar content. Try to dilute with water
where possible.
* Squashes, fizzy drinks, flavoured milk and juice drinks
are unsuitable for babies as they contain sugars.
* Tea and coffee are not suitable drinks for babies or
young children. They reduce iron absorption and if they
have sugar, can cause tooth decay.
¹ wean v.t., weaned, wean*ing 1. to cause (a child or young
animal) to lose the need to suckle; accustom to food other
than the mother's milk. (Indonesia : menyapih)
² purée n, a thick liquid or pulp prepared from cooked
vegetables, fruit, etc., passed through a sieve or broken
down in a blender or similar device. (Indonesia = jus[?])
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Source:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/parenting/your_kids/babies_weaning.shtml
Disclaimer: The BBC Parenting site is provided for your
general information only. The information contained on this
site should not be treated as a substitute for medical,
legal or other professional advice. The BBC is not
responsible or liable for the contents of any websites of
third parties which are listed on this site.
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